Media Production Project: Attention, Students Put Your Laptops Away

The way people take notes is important to the way a person is able to learn in today’s society. In the present and future the advances of technology are increasing leading to students using tablets, or laptops in class to take notes. The number of students who type notes and the students who take notes by hand tend to have differences in the way of how they learn in class and their performance. Researchers believe the use of laptops can distract students because of multitasking and internet browsing. There are two hypothesis having to do with note-taking and those are the encoding hypothesis and the external storage hypothesis. The encoding hypothesis is the process of taking notes and being able to learn and retain from it while the external storage hypothesis is having to look back at the notes to learn.

There were 3 experiments conducted by Pam A. Mueller(Princeton University) and Daniel M. Oppenheimer (University of California,Los Angeles) to help inform the readers about which technique of note-taking is the most effective. The researchers gave the students materials such as the same type of laptops and materials for the longhand note-takers. In the first study there were 67 participants (33 male and 33 female, 1 unknown) and had to learn from 5 TED talks to learn and take notes from the session.Then, from there the students took a distraction task to distract the students from what they learned. After the distraction task students took a test, which resulted with longhand note-takers and typing note-takers were about the same results for factual questions, but for the conceptual questions longhand note-taking was more advantageous than typing note-takers. There was also a use of verbatim in students who type their notes meaning they type everything that is heard or seen while the longhand note-takers had less words because the students picked the information that was important to them.

The second experiment was the same but it had a little twist to it and it was to instruct laptop note takers to not take verbatim notes because this happened in the first experiment and led to poor results for students who type their notes.Students from the University of California, Los Angeles(151 students). There were 2 types of events were laptop and longhand note-takers separated into. Students who type would go to a nonintervention lecture or a lecture with an intervention afterwards. The results for longhand note-takers was better than the students who typed their notes. The laptop note-takers in the intervention lecture did better than the students with no intervention. The use of verbatim was still used and did not reduced the effect even when at the beginning of the study, it was instructed to not use verbatim to take notes resulting with  longhand note-takers also taking the advantage since it had a lesser word count compared to typing note-takers.

The third study had (109) participants from the University of California, Los Angeles  where they had to take notes about four different topics; bread, bats, respiration, and vaccines on individual monitors. The students would then come back a week later to be tested on the material. The researchers (Mueller and Oppenheimer) saw the results from the tests and longhand note-takers still outperformed the students who typed their notes. Students who write their notes by hand are able to process information to their mind when writing it down and are able to only pick the important information from a lecture. Students who type their notes have a difficult time to retain information because they usually type everything they hear or say and have too much information for the brain to process all at once.

These tests conducted how the performance of a note-taker can be affected depending on the note-taking techniques used to learn the material needed. The increasing popularity of laptops these days needs to be carefully evaluated on the learning experience because it could lead to poor performances in education. Long hand note-taking can have shorter word counts on a person’s notes but it will have the important information needed for the lecture. Typing notes in a verbatim manner can lead to excessive notes which are not really important to the lecture. The encoding and external storage of long hand note takers is more beneficial to them than the students who type their notes.

 

Link to News Article:

http://www.npr.org/2016/04/17/474525392/attention-students-put-your-laptops-away?utm_source=facebook.com&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=npr&utm_term=nprnews&utm_content=20160826

Link to Research Article:

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0956797614524581


First Impression- Schizophrenia

I watched the youtube video that simulated the experience of a person diagnosed schizophrenia. Let me begin by saying that watching the video was an alarming yet eye-opening experience. The effect of the video, for me, was largely due to it being in a first-person perspective. At some points in the video, I found myself feeling suspenseful of what was about to happen next. From the first-person perspective, the voices that were being heard in the person’s head started to feel real to me. It disturbed me how the person had so much trouble with basic tasks of answering the phone and getting a pizza from the door. Furthermore, I found it interesting that the person with schizophrenia did not say anything to the person that came in at the end of the video. Often, the media dramatizes disorders such as schizophrenia for effect. Movies and tv shows depict people with extreme cases of schizophrenia to keep the audience engaged. This video did a good job at keeping it moderate which, for me, made it more relatable. I think its unsettling how the media protrays people with schizophrenia because it makes it seem as if these people cannot be treated. The video, however, showed the perspective of a schizophrenia patient with and without treatment and the difference was noticable. From the video, I gained a greater understanding of the challeneges schizophrenics face that most people would see as normal every-day tasks. I would encourage others to watch the video in hopes that they have a similar experience.


Media vs Actuality

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After watching the simulation schizophrenia video, I was shocked to see that some people undergo so much stress in their daily lives. Simple activities that I take for granted are an obstacle. Before watching the video I was honestly scared what would be shown and how I would handle it. During the video, I felt uncomfortable and uneasy, I tried to immerse myself as much as I could to really gain that feeling if I was experiencing these things in real life. I felt a sense of paranoia from the voices in the background and overall didn’t like the mental atmosphere that was portrayed.

In the media schizophrenia is portrayed as crazy and incapable of self control. I don’t that the media portrays schizophrenia correctly because these people undergo so much in their daily lives with simple activities that it’s hard for them to have touch with reality and essentially know what is real and what is not real. I don’t believe that these people are crazy in the slightest, their reality is altered and each person who has this mental problem has different ways of dealing with it, the way that they deal with it could come off as uncontrolled or crazy to someone who is uninformed about schizophrenia. Overall, I think that the media should do a better job showing the true side of people with schizophrenia because it is nothing like the way that they are showing it now.


Mental Health // Schizophrenia

We often see schizophrenia to be depicted in the media as horror-related. For this week, I watched a schizophrenia simulation, and it was my first time watching a schizophrenia simulation. The simulation did not really feel like a scene from a horror movie to me because it depicted a more realistic experience of a schizophrenic patient and was not made for the purpose of entertainment. For example, the voices in the person’s head were normal voices instead of deep and creepy whispers that are often portrayed in horror movies. The simulation, however, did make me feel nervous and anxious while I was watching it. I was able to know more of what it is like inside a schizophrenic person’s head, in terms of what they see and hear.

Schizophrenia is usually depicted as scary in the media. My previous exposure to schizophrenia only includes creating a short film with several friends for a humanities course in high school. From that project, I have always seen schizophrenic patients as very traumatized and lonely. This particular simulation, however, did not really show the emotions and feelings of the patient. Although the simulation and media portrayals are similar in showing the frightening aspects of schizophrenia, the simulation gave a more personal perspective, in which we can feel the anxiety of the person. Because the simulation was a video, I was not able to fully experience other aspects that a schizophrenic patient experiences, such as smells and feelings.


FIP – Schizophrenia

This week in Psychology, we were given a video to watch, which simulated what having a psychotic episode as a schizophrenic patient would be like:

 

Often, in the media especially, schizophrenia is depicted as someone who has no control whatsoever of their life.  In movies, schizophrenics are viewed as the abnormal ones, either being portrayed as a “crazy” person or as someone who has potential to succeed, but is too blinded by their never-ending hallucinations and daydreams.  This exaggerated view of schizophrenics, however, is far from reality.  As the video showed, people with this mental illness can absolutely live “normal”, healthy lives.  Just like with any mental illness, some days are worse than others and staying regulated on their prescribed medication will help patients with these daily struggles.  People with schizophrenia are often depicted in a way which makes people almost scared of their disorder or worried of how they will function in society.  When in fact, people will this disorder can certainly live long, healthy lives, when on the proper medication and with daily routines.  The media often exaggerates issues or things in the public eye in order to grab anyone’s attention.  This ultimately casts a negative shadow on these misunderstood and feared disorders, like schizophrenia.  Simulations, however, like the one in this video, begin to help people understand the experiences schizophrenic patients go through every day.  They have struggles, just like the rest of us and the more we can understand each other’s pain, the more we can begin to heal it.

 


BBC Milgram Replication // Extra Credit

The BBC Milgram Replication replicated Milgram’s study on obedience using the learner and shock generator. Milgram’s study found that while most people believed they would not generate electric shocks to the point when the learner cries for release, the results showed that 65% of participants administered shocks to the highest level. The replication experiment was very similar to the original experiment and included the “researcher” who was actually an actor and the participants (the “teachers”) who believed they were participating in a experiment about learning. The video showed the participants to gradually become more reluctant and even refuse to continue generating the shocks, but most of them still continued as the actor tells the experiment requires for continuation. In the end, 9 out of the 12 participants went all the way to the maximum shock of 450 volts. The researchers of the video pointed out most people continued to generate shocks because people have the impression that scientific experiments are supposedly beneficial, despite the lack of knowledge the participants had of the “researcher”. The percentage of people who administered shocks to the highest level in the BBC experiment was 10% higher than the percentage of people who did the same in the original experiment.

I was not surprised at the high percentage of people who continued administering the shocks to the highest level as I was expecting a similar turnout to Milgram’s experiment. While I was watching the video, I felt very frustrated with how easily the participants were influenced by the actor’s statement that the experiment required for continuation. I ended up realizing, however, that the obedience of the participants was largely caused by their positive view on scientific experiments and being “caught up in the moment” and not thinking about what they were doing. Watching and observing the BBC experiment and Milgram’s experiment have influenced me to be more questioning and skeptical in various situations and also to not be easily influenced by the statement of others.


Week 14: Hoarding

I, personally, am not interested in these types of shows because of how they exploit people’s behavior. Some seem to demonstrate their actions not because they actually have an issue, but because they want the attention of being on television. However, others actually do suffer from a mental illness. I have mixed feelings about these shows because in some aspects, they can be an eye-opener to people but only if they are shown in the appropriate way. The ethnics are essentially there considering the person has to O.K. for them to be shown on television, however, it does raise concern about the effectiveness of their treatment to actually get better since it exploits their disorder on a T.V. show. After watching the TLC clip “Inside Hoarding: Cleaning Up For Love | Hoarding: Buried Alive”, my thoughts and comments still remain the same. It is sad to see a person exploited for whatever struggles they may be going through, especially so because someone from the outside may not understand what is going through that individual’s mind or what issues they may be dealing with. Shows like these exploit individuals and expose them to a lot of ridicule without any chance to acknowledge their side of the story in order to get them actual help.


BBC Milgram Replication

In class we discussed Milgram’s Obedience study, which was conducted in 1963. In Milgram’s study, he had chosen a random volunteer (assigned to be the “teacher”) and then a person that is a part of the experiment (assigned to be the “learner”) that the teacher believes to be another volunteer. The learner was given electrical shocks all the way up to 450V by the teacher if they had answered the question given incorrectly; the teacher believed that this experiment was to test memory. The teacher was in the room with an authoritative figure (scientist conducting the experiment), which had continuously reinforced that “the experiment insists that you must continue” whenever the teacher would have any doubts about the experiment being conducted. ABC’s replication did not allow for the teacher to go all the way up to the max of 450V, claiming that it was too much stress for the teacher to endure. However, BBC’s replication of Milgram’s experiment allowed the participant to go all the way up to 450V. Surprisingly, results did not vary much — BBC had ~75% of their volunteers finish the experiment. Milgram’s original experiment had around 65% go until the very end of 450V. The numbers of volunteers involved does make a difference, however the data was still consistent to say that if someone has another person that they believe is an authoritative figure telling them they must do something they are likely to follow the instructions. It is sadly surprising of the findings within the experiment, yet I am not too shocked because I think that it is difficult for many people to stand up against an authoritative figure.

 

 


Mental Health

Do you know what schizophrenia is? Schizophrenia is defined as a mental disorder that affects how an individual thinks, feels and behaves. This week I had to watch a video about looking through the eyes of a man with schizophrenia and how he perceived things in everyday life. I was shocked when I watched the film, because it was like I was perceiving things from man starring in a horror movie. The man in the video,heard voices, that were never actually there, constantly telling him what to do and other voices telling him to do the exact opposite. The man also hallucinated that he might have performed a crime, heard voices telling him not to trust anyone, that people were after him because of his action, illusions telling him he was worthless, and viewing the food that he had in front of him as toxic.

At the end of the video it became obvious that the man kept hearing and perceiving things that were false when a woman entered the house and erased the tension that had built up during the film. This woman was pretty familiar with the man and this became apparent when she told him that he forgot to take his medicine, if her ordered pizza had arrived, and that he should to let sunlight enter the dark house. This house was kept dark to add to the effect that the situation was more frightening than it actually was when the curtains covering the windows parted and sunlight entered the house revealing a bright and sunny day outside. Once all of this had taken place the house and the situation did not seem frightening any to me any more.

I was frightened through most of this film because it reminded me of a horror show and those always get on my nerves. Though I am not an expert on individuals who have schizophrenia, this video reminded me of numerous cases that I see in fictional television shows and movies. Compared to how I typically see schizophrenia in the media, this video portrays my viewpoint on them really well. By this I mean a dark room, voices from people that are not actually there telling the man many different things, constant negative comments being directed at the man telling him he is worthless, and someone else in the film saying that the schizophrenic individual forgot to take their medicine. Yes, this video shocked me but the reason why it truly shocked me was because at the beginning of the video it said that the symptoms that I will experience in the video represents a compilation of a range fo sensory occurrences as reported by actual patients, meaning that people with schizophrenia could be living in a horror film every day.

Mental Health

Do you know what schizophrenia is? Schizophrenia is defined as a mental disorder that affects how an individual thinks, feels and behaves. This week I had to watch a video about looking through the eyes of a man with schizophrenia and how he perceived things in everyday life. I was shocked when I watched the film, because it was like I was perceiving things from man starring in a horror movie. The man in the video,heard voices, that were never actually there, constantly telling him what to do and other voices telling him to do the exact opposite. The man also hallucinated that he might have performed a crime, heard voices telling him not to trust anyone, that people were after him because of his action, illusions telling him he was worthless, and viewing the food that he had in front of him as toxic.

At the end of the video it became obvious that the man kept hearing and perceiving things that were false when a woman entered the house and erased the tension that had built up during the film. This woman was pretty familiar with the man and this became apparent when she told him that he forgot to take his medicine, if her ordered pizza had arrived, and that he should to let sunlight enter the dark house. This house was kept dark to add to the effect that the situation was more frightening than it actually was when the curtains covering the windows parted and sunlight entered the house revealing a bright and sunny day outside. Once all of this had taken place the house and the situation did not seem frightening any to me any more.

I was frightened through most of this film because it reminded me of a horror show and those always get on my nerves. Though I am not an expert on individuals who have schizophrenia, this video reminded me of numerous cases that I see in fictional television shows and movies. Compared to how I typically see schizophrenia in the media, this video portrays my viewpoint on them really well. By this I mean a dark room, voices from people that are not actually there telling the man many different things, constant negative comments being directed at the man telling him he is worthless, and someone else in the film saying that the schizophrenic individual forgot to take their medicine. Yes, this video shocked me but the reason why it truly shocked me was because at the beginning of the video it said that the symptoms that I will experience in the video represents a compilation of a range fo sensory occurrences as reported by actual patients, meaning that people with schizophrenia could be living in a horror film every day.